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First
- Ideological historical view:
Historically, the unity depends on stable
and continuous factors where Arabs speak
the same language have the same history,
the same public culture and psychological
structure. In addition, to integrity and
common economic interests.
The need to the concept of unity appeared
after the colonial rule that managed to
weaken the national bond ties. So, the struggle
for maintaining the Arab national identity
intensified especially during the European
occupation who shared the Ottoman Empire
heritage. The western imperialist aimed
at taking advantages of the division and
retardation situations. And the result was
the emersion of many Arab countries within
the artificial borders settled by the west.
Second-Arab unity according to the Arab
political ideology:
At the official level: All Arab constitutions
which are the fundamental laws of Arab countries,
confirm in their articles preface that the
peoples of these countries are part of the
Arab Nation, and they struggle to achieve
the nation comprehensive unity .
At the party level: The national issue gave
rise to several dimensions in the Arab political
parties. The most important are:
- The local dimension: Includes parties
which have a national characteristic, and
which direct their activity and struggle
to fulfill the national issues.
- The regional dimension: The activity of
these parties calls for the regional unity.
Like, for example: The unity among (Syria-
Lebanon- Jordan and Palestine) and the unity
between Egypt and Sudan) …etc.
- The religious dimension: It calls for
establishing a state on a religious ground
and, therefore, Islamic nation unity including
the Arab Nation.
- International dimension: Includes the
communist parties that concentrate on international
aspect and class struggle. These parties
took into consideration Arab solidarity
and Arab unity.
- The national dimension: Parties of this
dimension emphasize the Arab unity as the
crucial response on division. Yet, they
call for emancipation from the imperialism
hegemony. One of these parties is the Baath
Party, which is the first Arab party constituted
ideologically and organizationally on a
national base, as well as, it focuses in
all its struggle phases and conferences
on the Arab unity.
Third- Arab unionist experiences:
The unity between Egypt and Syria/1958-September
1961/:
This unity based on the ties of history
and language, but it disregarded the exigency
of living and economic interests, as well
as, the diversity among Arab countries,
that led to the appearance of several gaps
exploited by the enemies of unity, inside
and outside these countries. All this open
the way to the separatist forces, sustained
by the foreign ones, to conspire on the
unity. Thus, a military coup broke out in
Syria announcing separation to put an end
to the unity on 28/9/1961.
Arab republics union/1971/: It was among
Syria-Egypt and Libya but, unfortunately,
it was a formal union.
Arab Emirates union/1971/: It took the form
of federalism that is a form of cooperation
and approach among the Emirates. Yet, it
still existed till now.
Gulf Cooperation Council: It is a form of
cooperation among the gulf countries, in
order to realize coordination and integration
among them.
Arab Magreb Union /1989/: Its constitution
declared the political and economic coordination
among the Maghreb countries.
The unity between the two parts of Yemen
and establishing Yemen Arab Republic/1990/:
It was a real unity of the two divided parts
had the same circumstances, and it aroused
by the popular will and returned to united
Yemen. There was an attempt to defeat this
unity but failed.
Arab Cooperation Council /1989/: It failed
after the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait.
Forth- Most important Lessons deduced by
the unity experiences:
The form of unity should fulfill the people's
demands and interests. Furthermore, take
into consideration the historical and cultural
ties, as well as, the material benefits
of people.
The unity should be realized with an actual
popular approval and on democratic bases.
Giving more importance to the ideological
and political unionist action and abide
by it.
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